Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy|Continue
JAMA
Sign In
Individual Sign In
Sign inCreate an Account
Access through your institution
Sign In
Purchase Options:
Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Select Your Interests
Customize your JAMA Network experience by selecting one or more topics from the list below.
- Academic Medicine
- Acid Base, Electrolytes, Fluids
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology
- American Indian or Alaska Natives
- Anesthesiology
- Anticoagulation
- Art and Images in Psychiatry
- Artificial Intelligence
- Assisted Reproduction
- Bleeding and Transfusion
- Cardiology
- Caring for the Critically Ill Patient
- Challenges in Clinical Electrocardiography
- Climate and Health
- Climate Change
- Clinical Challenge
- Clinical Decision Support
- Clinical Implications of Basic Neuroscience
- Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology
- Complementary and Alternative Medicine
- Consensus Statements
- Coronavirus (COVID-19)
- Critical Care Medicine
- Cultural Competency
- Dental Medicine
- Dermatology
- Diabetes and Endocrinology
- Diagnostic Test Interpretation
- Drug Development
- Electronic Health Records
- Emergency Medicine
- End of Life, Hospice, Palliative Care
- Environmental Health
- Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion
- Ethics
- Facial Plastic Surgery
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology
- Genetics and Genomics
- Genomics and Precision Health
- Geriatrics
- Global Health
- Guide to Statistics and Methods
- Guidelines
- Hair Disorders
- Health Care Delivery Models
- Health Care Economics, Insurance, Payment
- Health Care Quality
- Health Care Reform
- Health Care Safety
- Health Care Workforce
- Health Disparities
- Health Inequities
- Health Policy
- Health Systems Science
- Hematology
- History of Medicine
- Humanities
- Hypertension
- Images in Neurology
- Implementation Science
- Infectious Diseases
- Innovations in Health Care Delivery
- JAMA Infographic
- Law and Medicine
- Leading Change
- Less is More
- LGBTQIA Medicine
- Lifestyle Behaviors
- Medical Coding
- Medical Devices and Equipment
- Medical Education
- Medical Education and Training
- Medical Journals and Publishing
- Melanoma
- Mobile Health and Telemedicine
- Narrative Medicine
- Nephrology
- Neurology
- Neuroscience and Psychiatry
- Notable Notes
- Nursing
- Nutrition
- Nutrition, Obesity, Exercise
- Obesity
- Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Occupational Health
- Oncology
- Ophthalmology
- Orthopedics
- Otolaryngology
- Pain Medicine
- Palliative Care
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
- Patient Care
- Patient Information
- Pediatrics
- Performance Improvement
- Performance Measures
- Perioperative Care and Consultation
- Pharmacoeconomics
- Pharmacoepidemiology
- Pharmacogenetics
- Pharmacy and Clinical Pharmacology
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
- Physical Therapy
- Physician Leadership
- Poetry
- Population Health
- Primary Care
- Professional Well-being
- Professionalism
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Health
- Public Health
- Pulmonary Medicine
- Radiology
- Regulatory Agencies
- Reproductive Health
- Research, Methods, Statistics
- Resuscitation
- Rheumatology
- Risk Management
- Scientific Discovery and the Future of Medicine
- Shared Decision Making and Communication
- Sleep Medicine
- Sports Medicine
- Stem Cell Transplantation
- Substance Use and Addiction Medicine
- Surgery
- Surgical Innovation
- Surgical Pearls
- Teachable Moment
- Technology and Finance
- The Art of JAMA
- The Arts and Medicine
- The Rational Clinical Examination
- Tobacco and e-Cigarettes
- Toxicology
- Translational Medicine
- Trauma and Injury
- Treatment Adherence
- Ultrasonography
- Urology
- Users' Guide to the Medical Literature
- Vaccination
- Venous Thromboembolism
- Veterans Health
- Violence
- Women's Health
- Workflow and Process
- Wound Care, Infection, Healing
Save Preferences
Privacy Policy | Terms of Use
This Issue
JAMA Patient Page
June 12, 2020
Anurag N.Malani,MD1; John P.Sherbeck,MD1; Preeti N.Malani,MD, MSJ2
Author Affiliations Article Information
-
1St Joseph Mercy Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan
-
2Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
JAMA. 2020;324(5):524. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.10699
Español
COVID-19 Resource Center
- Editorial Convalescent Plasma to Treat COVID-19
John D.Roback,MD, PhD; JeannetteGuarner,MD
JAMA
- Editorial Hopeful Signals From a Randomized Trial of Convalescent Plasma to Treat COVID-19
ArturoCasadevall,MD, PhD; Michael J.Joyner,MD; Liise-AnnePirofski,MD
JAMA
- Preliminary Communication Treatment of Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19 With Convalescent Plasma
ChenguangShen,PhD; ZhaoqinWang,PhD; FangZhao,PhD; YangYang,MD; JinxiuLi,MD; JingYuan,MD; FuxiangWang,MD; DelinLi,PhD; MinghuiYang,PhD; LiXing,MM; JinliWei,MM; HaixiaXiao,PhD; YanYang,MM; JiuxinQu,MD; LingQing,MM; LiChen,MD; ZhixiangXu,MM; LingPeng,MM; YanjieLi,MM; HaixiaZheng,MM; FengChen,MM; KunHuang,MM; YujingJiang,MM; DongjingLiu,MD; ZhengZhang,MD; YingxiaLiu,MD; LeiLiu,MD
JAMA
-
RitaRubin,MA
JAMA
- Original Investigation Convalescent Plasma Therapy and Clinical Improvement in Severe and Life-threatening COVID-19
LingLi,MD, PhD; WeiZhang,MD; YuHu,MD, PhD; XunliangTong,MD, PhD; ShangenZheng,MD; JuntaoYang,PhD; YujieKong,MD; LiliRen,PhD; QingWei,MD; HengMei,MD, PhD; CaiyingHu,MD; CuihuaTao,MD; RuYang,MD; JueWang,MD; YongpeiYu,PhD; YongGuo,PhD; XiaoxiongWu,MD; ZhihuaXu,MD; LiZeng,MD; NianXiong,MD, PhD; LifengChen,MD; JuanWang,MD; NingMan,MD; YuLiu,PhD; HaixiaXu,MD; E.Deng,MS; XuejunZhang,MS; ChenyueLi,MD; ConghuiWang,PhD; ShishengSu,PhD; LinqiZhang,PhD; JianweiWang,PhD; YanyunWu,MD, PhD; ZhongLiu,MD, PhD
JAMA
- JAMA Patient Page Patient Information: Caring for Someone With COVID-19
Lindsey Y.Mortenson,MD; Preeti N.Malani,MD, MSJ; Robert D.Ernst,MD
JAMA
- Original Investigation Association of Convalescent Plasma Treatment With Clinical Outcomes in Patients With COVID-19
PerrineJaniaud,PhD; CathrineAxfors,MD, PhD; Andreas M.Schmitt,MD; ViktoriaGloy,PhD; FahimEbrahimi,MD, MSc; MatthiasHepprich,MD; Emily R.Smith,ScD, MPH; Noah A.Haber,ScD; NinaKhanna,MD; DavidMoher,PhD; Steven N.Goodman,MD, PhD; John P. A.Ioannidis,MD, DSc; Lars G.Hemkens,MD, MPH
JAMA
- Original Investigation REMAP-CAP COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma Randomized Clinical Trial
Writing Committee for the REMAP-CAP Investigators; Hesham Abdelhady; MarwaAbdelrazik; ZakeeAbdi; DavidAbdo; AminaAbdulle; LynnAbel; ShrefeeAbouzeenni; GailAbrahamson; YousufAbusamra; LisaAdams; OlumideAdebambo; DeboAdemokun; Neill Adhikari; DominicAffron; AnuAggarwal; RonanAgno; HumayunAhmad; NorfaizanAhmad; SophiaAhmed; KateAinscough; JamesAinsworth; GiuliaAiroldi; LindianneAitken; FrancisAjeneye; NaimAkhtar; OlajideAkinwumiju; ManafAl-Bayati; MartinAlbert; MeeraAlderman; Ana Alegria; BrianAlexander; Peter DGAlexander; JordanAlfonso; HoodoAli; SabiraAli; Allameddine Allameddine; SheilaAllan; IsabelleAllard; BarbaraAllen; BeverleyAllen; JessAllen; LauraAllen; LouiseAllen; SuzanneAllibone; RichardAmbrosino; KennethAmenyah; MariamAmmoun; RekhaAnand; Sai PriyaAnand; KristenAndersen; CorinneAnderson; KevinAnderson; Thomas Anderson; MarkAndreae; SusanAndrews; GregoryAndrikopoulos; AishaAnjum; MatthewAnstey; MichelineAntar; David Antcliffe; AlphaAnthony; PierreAntoine; VikramAnumakonda; GeorgeApostolides; LathaAravindan; Gill Arbane; EmilyArbon; SimonArcher; Noah Aref; Ana-MarieArias; ChantalArmali; JoelArmer-Ducker; MichelleArmstrong; SylviaArmstrong-Fisher; JohnArnold; SarahArnott; AndreaArroyo; ValérieArsenault; DipteshAryal; AdeebaAsghar; GlenAshby; DeborahAsher; BenAshford; SuhailAshgar; MurtazaAsif Ali; AngeliqueAspinwall; AbigailAsquith; TanyaAtallah; RichardAthay-Hunt; UdaraAttanayaka; RitaAtugonza; MichelleAube; Marie-ChristineAuclair; Karen Austin; Pauline Austin; SidraAwan; GinaBacon; HarleenBadhesha; KavithaBagavathy; DawnBaglole; ClarizaBagnas; CatherineBagot; SeanBagshaw; NadiaBaig; StephenBailey; KennethBaillie; WilliamBain; SanchiaBaines; AimiBaird; Charles Baker; EvelynBaker; PennyBakhtiari; DhanalakshmiBakthavatsalam; MortezaBalaie; GaganBali; SonyaBalkee; AmyBallinger; AmyBamford; PeterBamford; MillieBanerjee; LaurenBanks; JonathanBannard-Smith; NancyBanning; BharatBansal; RobertBanthorpe; IanBarbash; AlexBarber; Russell Barber; MiriamBarbosa; MercedesBarillas; RyanBariola; GarethBarker; NickyBarnes; MatthewBarnett; NathalyBarnett; RebeccaBaron; RobertBart; JazzBartholomew; ShaunaBartley; DavidBarton; JanBarwell; ArchanaBashyal; KimBasile; FrancesBass; Christopher Bassford; PavinderBassi; BetsyBassis; IanBateman; MichelleBates; SamanthaBates; DonnaBatty; KrisBauchmuller; PeterBaughan; LydiaBaxter; CharlotteBaylem; LeeBayliss; MadeleineBayne; EileenBays; RenéeBazin; GregoryBeard; KirkBeard; Richard Beasley; LynetteBeaudin; JulieBeaudoin; GuillaumeBeaudoin-Bussières; SeonaidBeddows; CarolineBedford; DeborahBeer; SalmaBegum; JasmineBeharry; XiaoBei Zhao; NathalieBelec; GillianBell; GlendaBell; JoshuaBell; DavidBellemare; FatnaBenettaib; AnnBeninato; MehdiBenlarbi; AlexanderBennett; ChristopherBennett; CarrieBennett-Mills; AndreaBenoit; JaneBenstead; DionneBentley; LaurenBerg; ColinBergin; ClaudiaBerscheid; JanisBest-Lane; EmilyBevan; JeremyBewley; AshleyBeyerl; SanjayBhagani; KhushpreetBhandal; SimonBiddie; JenniferBiemans,; KellyBignell; ShileshBihari; MaudeBilodeau; CarronBilton; Martin JBinney; Alexandra Binnie; JulianBion; CatherineBirch; JanineBirch; KathrineBirchall; IsobelBirkinshaw; RaquelBisa; EthelBlack; BethanyBlackledge; StuartBlackmore; AnnetteBlackwell; LoraineBlackwood; YvonneBland; MaryBlanton; JennyBlaxland; DonnaBlofield; MargieBlom; JasminBoard; Aneta Bociek; SherinBodh; VirginieBoisclair; SamBolton; WayneBolton; HayleyBond; Stephen Bonner; WendyBonnert; LeighBoorman; Catherine Booth; Barbara Borgatta; CameronBorhani; NaomiBorkent; RachelBorrell; ZoeBorrill; MamuBoshir; BrandonBouchard; Marie-ClaudeBoulanger; DouniaBoumahni; CatherineBourassa; Michelle Bourne; RichardBourne; DanielBoutin; MarianneBoutin; DarrenBowen; JamesBowen; HelenBowler; GeoffBowyer; CarmelBoyd; CraigBoyd; MaxineBoyd; LucieBoyer; Rebecca Boyles; GordanaBozovic; DavidBrack; CharlotteBrackstone; RobBradburn; BarryBradley; PaulBradley; SarahBradshaw; JaneBrailsford; SuBrailsford; EmilyBrant; AngelaBrazier; Pamela Bremmer; MorwennaBrend; ValBrennan; Stephen Brett; ChrisBrewer; Kathy Brickell; MarkBriggs; Chris Brightling; NicoleBrillinger; LuteceBrimfield; StéphanieBrisson; TerriBrittin; LaurentBrochard; AndrewBroderick; DavidBroggio; FarooqBrohi; CeriBrookes; NicoleBrooks; RandyBroom; MarieBrowett; ChloeBrown; ElizabethBrown; LouiseBrown; MarkBrown; Rachel Brown; WayneBrown; Marie-EveBrulotte; EmilieBrunet; NigelBrunskill; KaylaBryan-Morris; JulieBuchan; AlexisBuchanan; KathleenBuckmire; JoannaBudd; PierretteBugden; Heidi Buhr; LoriBullock; VitorBuonavoglia; AnnmarieBuoy; DorotaBurda; PaulaBurgess; JasonBurkey; RachelBurnish; DeanBurns; KarenBurns; SamuelBurns; AngelaBusby; HergenBuscher; LesleyButler; SophiaButt; RahimByrne; EleanorByworth; Louise Cabrelli; Leilani Cabreros; TomCairns; MoiraCaldwell; CarolineCalfee; LenkaCambalova; SarahCameron; AndrewCampbell; DebbieCampbell; HilaryCampbell; KarlaCampbell; LewisCampbell; Ryan Campbell; JosieCampisi; Sara Campos; JulieCamsooksai; AnaCanabarro; Elaine Carbonneau; NuriaCardenas; AndrewCarlton; RebeccaCarnegie; EmilyCarpenter; LillianCarpio; SarahCarr; François MartinCarrier; MarcCarrier; SamanthaCarrington; JoanneCarr-Wilkinson; DavidCarter; MoiraCarter; StevenCarter; SimonCarter-Graham; CarolynCarveth-Marshall; SherryCasali; RuthCasey; Susanne Cathcart; JillCaulfield; Alexandros Cavayas; KathrynCawley; MaurizioCecconi; JohnCentofanti; LokuChamara Warnapura; ÉricChamberland; EmmaChambers; ShreekantChampanerkar; Charles Chan; MichaelChan; PetrusChan; SunitaChand; VikkiChandler-Vizard; CherryChang; TerryChannon; MarianneChapman; Susan Chapman; LindaChapple; BethanCharles; RichardCharlewood; AndrewCharlton; SallyCharlton; SamCharlton; SarahCharnock; VipulChauhan; RosannaChavez; MariaCheadle; Shiney Cherian; SuzanneCherif; BettyCheung; EmilyCheung; ManishChhablani; KarenChinn; VashiraChiroma; ChristianChoquet; Judy YCChou; FatehaChowdhury; Sri Chukkambotla; JaeChung; NickCiccone; RobCimaglia; Emanuel Cirstea; MicheleClark; RichardClark; SarahClark; WendyClark; FrancesClarke; GwenClarke; HeatherClarke; MarkClarke; SarahClarke; AndrewClarkson; AndrewClaxton; IanClement; FrancescaClemons; GillesClermont; JulieCleverdon; LeeClifford; LynneClifford; AlisonClinton; Ève Cloutier; MarcCloutier; TonyCoates; MaeveCockrell; PhoebeCoghlan; ConnieColavecchia; CarolCole; Jade Cole; JulieCole; SueCole; Jennifer Coles; RebeccaColes; DawnCollier; EmmaCollins; ÉrinCollins; JoanneCollins; MatthewCollis; MikeComery; KarenConnolly; JasonConnor; SamanthaConran; PamelaConrod; CamillaConway; DeborahCook; TimCook; JillCooke; SooCooke; AlisonCooper; D. JamesCooper; JoanneCooper; JoshCooper; LauraCooper; LaurenCooper; EmmaCooperwaite; EleCorcoran; ShannonCormick; SarahCornell; MaryCorriveau; CatherineCorry; OliverCosterousse; AliceCotton; AmandaCoutts; RuthCowburn; Nicholas Cowley; Debra AnneCox; MarkCoyne; BeverleyCrane; LeonaCrane; Michelle Craner; Thomas HCraven; AdrianCrawford; SarahCrawshaw; BenCreagh-Brown; RyanCreighton; OlafCremer; NikkiCrisp; MariaCroft; IanCron; DerrickCrook; HelenCroot; MyleneCrosby; SarahCross; HelenCrumley; JoannaCudlipp; OrielaCuevas; DonnaCullen; MarieCundall; DebraCurley; AndrewCurrie,; AbiCurtis; BeccaCurtis; RebeccaCusack; BrianCuthbertson; SeanCutler; Frédérick D’Aragon; JoanaDa Rocha; AdmadDaebis; PhilDaggett; RanaDaher; LineDaigle; HelenDakers-Black; JessicaDaley; NikkiDallas; JamesDalton; ZoeDaly; RajDamhar; NickDaneman; CarolDaniels; PaulDark; KarenDarling; TaceDarling; SriDarshana; AntuDas; JasonDaugherty; MichelleDavey; Miriam Davey; ArleneDavid; NeilDavidson; AlisonDavies; Cheryl Davies; Ellie Davies; Gwyneth Davies; JamesDavies; JaneDavies; Louisa Davies; MarkDavies; MichelleDavies; RhysDavies; AlisonDavis; SophiaDavison; JaniceDawe; LisaDawe; Laura AnnDawson; RosanneDawson; Kimde Courcy-Golder; Diannede Jong; ArnoldDe la Rosa; AngeliqueDe Man; MarkDe Neef; BethanDeacon; TessaDean; DyleneDeans; JoyDearden; AlisonDeary; SylvieDebigaré; WilliamDechert; RajiDehulia; Lorenzo del Sorbo; LisaDelaney; SueDellaToffalo; CarrieDemetriou; CraigDenmade; RandleDerbyshire; PuravDesai; JadeDescôteaux-Dinelle; KushDeshpande; MichelleDetry; BrendanDevine; DanaDevine; TrudyDevine; BodineDewitt; JasDhalliwal; AmanDhesi; PamelaDiamond; JulieDice; StephenDigby; JulieDijo; KristinaDimitrova; MariaDineen; TriDinh; StephenDixon-Mould; PatriciaDoble; JadeDobson; RonanDoherty; RozzieDolman; ChenellDonadee; KateDonaldson; Arjen M Dondrop; ClareDonegan; HeatherDonkin; SineadDonlon; AdrianDonnelly; PhilDonnison; ReeceDoonan; PeterDoran; AmandaDornan; MelissaDougherty; JanDouziech; KerryDowling; PhilippaDowney; CristinaDragomir; ChelseaDrake; MichaelDrebot; StevenDrews; NikkiDrogman; MathieuDrouin; JulianDruce; AndrewDrummond; KayDrury; HannahD'Silva; BrendaDu Plessis; ErickDuan; Stephen Duberley; ÉricDucas; SamDuff-Miller; EamonDuffy; HelenDuggan; ZoeDuke; MickDuley; JoanneDuncan; TracyDuncan; DeanneDunphy; Mathilde Duplaix; SteveDurgacharan; AhilanandanDushianthan; NathalieDussault; SarahDyas; KimEast; ChristineEastgate; CarolineEaton; CarolineEaton-Howell; SimoneEbbinghaus; DanielEbner; DaveEdmondson; AlexandraEdwards; TomosEdwards; EvelienEffelaar; MunzirElhassan; ChrisElliott; TobyElliott; Ann-MarieEllis; ChiaraEllis; ChristineEllis; KayEllis; YvetteEllis; CathyEllsworth; Einas Elmahi; MohammedElmi; TarekElsefi; AyaaEltayeb; ShaneEnglish; IanEntino; SlavaEpelman; StephanErmann; AlioskaEscorcia; HelenEscreet; Andrew Evans; DavidEvans; DebraEvans; MichelleEvans; RyanEvans; TonyEve; Laura Fagan; ElizabethFagbodun; PamFairclough; JonathanFalconer; KellyFalle; Neda Farahi; SarahFarnell-Ward; MariaFaulkner; KellyFeane; JamesFeely-Henderson; TimFelton; GerardFennessy; BillFerguson; NiallFerguson; StephanieFerguson; SusanFerguson; MariaFernandez; JaimeFernandez Roman; GloriaFernando; XiomaraFerndadez; CindyFerringer; JessicaFesz; CherylFinch; JoanneFinden; StephanieFinn; AndrésFinzi; DaniFisher; EmilyFisher; MeadowFisher Crisp; ChristinaFitcher; StephenFitzgibbon; ElaineFitzimmons; MeghanFitzpatrick; ChloeFitzpatrick-Creamer; CathyFlatters; SimonFletcher; KellyFlynn; SaraFlynn; EvodianFonyonga; AndrewForbes; LorettaForbes; KathyFord; SaraFord; ElliotForster; KirstenFoster; TerrieFoster; TracyFoster; DeirdreFottrell-Gould; Angela Foulds; DoraFounkaneli; Marie-JoséeFournier; RobFowler; ClaireFox; DanielFox; EleonoreFox; GlendaFox; YasinFozdar; Charles Francoeur; BrunoFrancois; JasonFrankcam; Claudia Frankfurter; GayleFranklin; DarronFranks; ChristopherFranz; AlasdairFrater; MatthewFree; IanFreestone; CraigFrench; ChristianFrey; LiesaFriedrich; BethFrise; MatthewFrise; JakeFryer; JennyFullthorpe; CharleneFurtado; RoseGad; HélèneGagné; Louis-PhilippGagné; JamesGalea; AshleyGallant; KoreenaGallant; ArunkumarGanesan; SaibalGanguly; RadhikaGanpat; CarolineGardiner-Hill; CindyGardner; JocelynnGardner; RobertGarney; HywelGarrard; WilliamGarrard; PeterGarrett; MichaelGarstka; MarkGarton; SimonGates; David Gattas; KimGaudet; AmauryGaussen; Jane Gaylard; JulieGazmen; AlisonGeddis; Minerva Gellamucho ; LisaGemmell; GabrielleGendron-Lepage; Wenli Geng; ChloeGeorge; MarcGermain; MehrdadGhaffari; AliGhamraoui; AmardeepGhattaoraya; AlisonGhosh; AndrewGibb; JoelGilchrist; SeanGilchrist; BalkarGill; MandyGill; MattGillespie; KateGilmour; LorrieGiorgi; SébastienGirard; Timothy Girard; DonaldGironne; KirstyGladas; KathleenGlasby; LeahGlasgow; RaynaGlazenburg; LisaGledhill; SamuelGluck; Wendy Goddard; GillianGodding; GerryGogarty; PhilipGold; David Golden; Ewan CGoligher; KeithGomez; FrankGommans; MartaGoncalves Pinto; TiphanieGonzales; AnaitaGoodie; JayneGoodwin; SharifGoolam-Hossen; ShameerGopal; JanGorry; RichardGould; JessicaGoulet; AnnaGouveia; PaulineGowdy; GuillaumeGoyette; BeverleyGraham; JaneGraham; LibbyGraham; HarrietGray; IngridGray; TanyaGray; Maria CeciliaGraza; PatriciaGrealish; IrinaGrecu; GraceGreen; JackieGreen; TeresaGreen; DanniGreener; JaneGregory; BeverleyGrice; AmandaGriffith; AlexandraGriffiths; SamanthaGrimley; LisaGrimmer; StephenGrist; Erika Groenveld; JamieGross; ElodieGuitteaud; AbhinavGupta; ChiraagGupta; SabiGurung Rai; WadihHabeichi; SarahHabel Liboiron; BernardHadebe; LeahHadzik; GhadyHaidar; Syeda Haider; SandraHalden; AnneHaldeos; Alistair SHall; AndrewHall; EmmaHall; KathrynHall; Rebecca Elin Hall; SandraHalliday; David OHamilton; VincentHamlyn; NaomiHammond; Sara Hammond; ElizabethHampson; IanHancock; KatieHands; JoanneHanley; AlisonHanlon; TracyHanna; StefanieHannan; TrishHansen; HelenHanson; JaneHanson; HelenHanwell; LesleyHarden; ChloeHardy; RachelHarford; EmilyHargreaves; CainHarland; SandraHarlow; FionaHarper; HeatherHarper; MelanieHarper; NajaHarper; KateHarrington; CeliaHarris; JadeHarris; NaomiHarris; SusanHarrison; KathHarrow; MelissaHartley; AliceHarvey; DanielHarvey; MegHarward; Madiha Hashmi; SarahHaskins; Stephanie B.Hatch; SherylHaviland; JaniceHawes; CatherineHawkins; NancyHawkins; TanyaHawkins; Sophie KHay; TamsinHaydon; AmberHayes; AnneHayes; OoiHc; WilliamHeaddon; GailHealey; AnitaHebert; StevenHenderson; HeatherHennebury; LeeHennen; KathrynHennessy; Jeremy Henning; Carol AnnHenry; Carole Anne Henry; JoanneHenry; RachelHera; MikeHerbert; StephanieHeritier; KayHeron; TanyaHerrell; Sharnie BethHesson; SamuelHey; NicoletteHeydon; GarethHeywood-Beldon; JohnHickey; AlisonHill; ClaireHill; HelenHill; MartinHill; MichaelHill; Anette Hilldrith; ElizabethHillerby; ElisabethHilton; MarcusHinde; ClareHird; JoanHoar; ValerieHodder; ChristopherHodge; RenateHodge; LouiseHodgkinson; CarolHodgson; HelenHodgson; KarenHoiland; CatherineHolbrook; AndrewHolland; NickyHolland; SusanHolland; MichelleHollands; GillianHollis; Laszlo Hollos; LindaHolloway; BenHolmes; LynnHolt; ToniHome; LauraHontoria del Hoyo; PattiHooley; Sarah J.Hoosdally; DavidHope; PhilHopkins; AnilHormis; KimHorne; DanHorner; JamesHornsby; NicolaHorton-Turner; KrissyHoskin; LeanneHostler; PatHoszko; BrittanyHoughton; IainHoughton; AngelaHouston; Brett LHouston; KelseyHoward; AlisonHowarth; DianeHowarth; ClareHowcroft; DavidHowe; LucyHowie; RyanHowle; ColleenHrabi; KjierstinHubka; AlexHudson; ChelseyHugelshofer; DebbieHughes; LukeHughes; Keith Hugill; SebastiaanHullegie; JonathanHulme; SarahHulse; LauraHumber; CharlotteHumphrey; LenaHunold ; BeverleyHunt ; AlHunter; IsobelHunter; Sally-AnneHurford; RobertaHurman; MahwishHussain; RaheemHussein; AlisonHutchinson; PaulaHutton; MonzeerIbrahim; NaziaIjaz; ClaireIngall; RichardInnes; BenIrving; PamelaIrving; SoniaIsaacs; Graziella Isgro; AgahIsguzar; PramodyaIshani; SueIsmay; TammyIson; AliIssa; HelenIvatt; CatrinaIvel; AnthonyJackson; DouglasJackson; JulieJackson; KarinJackson; ShaneJackson; SharonJackson; SusanJackson; NikitaJacob; ReniJacob; AnnieJacques; Terri-LisaJacques- Brown; VijayJagannathan; SamJaggard; SusanJain; Christie James; ErinJamula; HoJan Senya; PierreJanin; LorraineJappy ; AnnJarvis; LisaJarvis; IssrahJawad; DevachandranJayakumar; MalkaJayasinghe Arachchige; ZeynabJeewa; EmmaJefferson ; JenniJeffrey; CraigJenkins; SamuelJenkins; SarahJenkins; SteveJenkins; Aislinn RJennings; RebeccaJennings; StaceyJennings; JakobJeriha; JebyJeyachandran; DharshanaJeyapalan; Rajeev Jha; ShamanJhanji; MarcellaJimenez; MayaJohn; SarahJohn; MagaretJohns; DavidJohnson; NelsonseelanJohnson; PaulJohnson; RachelJohnson; RebekahJohnson; TobyJohnson; ZoeJohnson; BrianJohnston; LauraJohnston; Andrea Jones; CathyJones; DeannaJones; EmilyJones; HazelJones; JamieJones; JessicaJones; KevinJones; GlendaJorritsma; AnnetteJose; JosephJoseph; RevatiJoshi; VeraJuhaz; KatarinaKacinova; RebeccaKahari; SelverKalchko-Veyssal; KyleKalchthaler; AgilanKaliappan; MichaelKalogirou; Maneesha Kamra; ArulKandaswamy; SanthanaKannan; VasitaKara; TimKarachi; MarinaKarakantza; Michal Karlikowski; VidyaKasipandian; SandyKassir; AmroKatary; JaswinderKaur; SatvinderKaur; SherilynnKavanagh; AbdulKayani; CallumKaye; Aayesha Kazi; SharonKaznica; SamanthaKearley; LizaKeating; ClaireKeatley; SherylKeeler; SherbrinaKeen; AlexandraKeen; KatieKeen; KayKell; JeremyKellington; ConorKelly; EllenKelly; MartinKelly; ZofiaKelly; OliviaKelsall; KellyKemsley; SaraKendrick; CarolineKennedy; KellyKent; ClementKerlin; GordKerr; MariaKerr; SamanthaKershaw; IanKerslake; MargaretKevern; ImranaKhalid; CamranKhan; Meherunnisa Khan; MohammedKhan; SabiyaKhan; MeenuKhera; JayneKhorsandi; KosarKhwaja; EdyKim; YouryKim; SarahKimpton; AndreaKing; AndrewKing; TonyKing; FionaKinney; JeffKinney; AdelineKintono; JillKirk; DanielKirkbride; AmyKirkby; IanKirker; KellyKislingbury; Joseph EKiss; GeorgiosKitsios; LaurenKittridge; MichelleKnight; KarenKnowles; DianaKobes; KeithKolsteren; PamKonecny; Jing Kong; RitchieKoshy; LeonidasKoukouflis; RebeccaKovacevic; RhondaKrahn; VinodhKrishnamurthy; PeterKruger; RebeccaKruisselbrink; WandaKrywiak; AnandKumar; RohitKumar; Avinash Kumar Jha; KellyKuntz; DemetriosKutsogiannis; Lynsey Kyeremeh; LauraKyle; MikeLaffan; JohnLaffey; JenniferLafrenier; Shondipon Laha; ManonLahaie; BarbLaing; MichelleLake; Carolyn KLam; BrendaLamb; HélèneLamoureux; RebeccaLanaway; JuliaLancut; PatriciaLandy; EvaLang; LianaLankester; ChantalLarivee; CherylLarner; MarilyneLarose; WojciechLason; Victoria Latham; DarrenLatimer; AnnemarieLaumaea; François Lauzier; ColinLawler; MarkLawley; JoLawrence; RobinLawrence; JemimaLawson; RebeccaLawton; Juan Martin Lazaro; DavidLeaf; Richard Lean; ChristinaLeaver; SusannahLeaver; JulieLeblond; MaryseLeclerc; JuneLee; Lai HaLee; MaryleeLee; StephanieLee; StephenLee; WendyLee; WandaLefresne; DanielleLeguard-White; PaulaLehto; FrancoisLellouche; IrinaLenchuk; LucLesage; UllrichLeuschner; ChrisLevett; AntoineLewin; MichaelaLewin; Joanne Lewis; LisaLewis; SarahLewis; LorraineLewis-Prosser; AnnaLi; JennyLi; Angela Liao; KimLicanio; SophiaLieber; JamesLin; GabriellaLindergard; Vanessa Linnett; CharlotteLittle; TheresaLiu; AlexandraLiversidge; PatriciaLizotte; CristinaLobato; MariaLobo-Clarke; StephenLock; TeresaLockett; SandyLockyer; TraceyLofting; MegLogan; KaatjeLomme; MatildaLong; MariaLopez Martinez; AlyssaLopus; StuartLord; LauraLordache; KieronLoregnard; CatherineLorenzon; SylvainLother; EvaLoutraris; HuwLovett; DanielLoveys; BenjaminLowe; CarolineLowe; MaryalyceLowery; EmmaLoxley; Rachael Lucas; KaylaLucier; Tracy Luk; BrendaLukasik; HayleyLund; KathleenLundy; JiLuo; JuliaLussier; HeatherLuyckx; Chan-HoaLy; ElisaLy; Sarah Lymn; CeriLynch; DaniellaLynch; BruceLyon; EmilyLyons; AngelaMacauley; KevinMacDonald; PeterMacDonald; StuartMacDonald; TaniaMacDonald; CaraMacGuigan; Lynn MacKay; ColleenMacKenzie; DebbieMacKenzie; PatriciaMackey; SheilaMacLennan; SharonMacLeod; PattyMacNally; NancyMacNeil; KarenMadgwick; HarrietMadiyiko; TimMaggs; KathrynMaguire; TeenaMaguire; SarahMagwood; AmitaaMaharajh; JonathanMailman; CaroleMain; EstherMakanju; AhmedMakky; Arystarch Makowski; SalimMalakouti; MichelleMale; Brian Malley; CarolynMaloney; GracieMaloney; VictoriaManax; Yara Mangindaan; KathyManguiat; LynneMannion; VenikaManoharan; ElmerManuel; GarikayiMarange; Lisa March; GuyMarcotte; HelenMaria-Osborn; NathalieMarin; DimitraMarinakis; Nicole Marinoff; ReneMarkgraff; Marina Marotti; SaraMarrero Hernandez; CherylMarriot; Yvonne Marriott; OscarMarroquin; Brian D.Marsden; TracyMarsden; EmmaMarsh; JamesMarshall; SamanthaMarston; NicoleMarten; EliseMartin; EmmaMartin; JaneMartin; LailaMartin; TimothyMartin; AlexanderMartinez; MariaMartins; OliviaMartins; LucasMartins Ferreira; RomanMary-Genetu; LynnMason; BrentMassar; CarolineMasse; Marie-HeleneMasse; NatalieMassey; MichailMataliotakis,; CarolineMathews; MarionMathie; WadzanaiMatimba-Mupaya; Ramprasad Matsa; JulieMatthews; PhillipaMatthews; SueMatthews; GwynnMatthias; GemmaMaxwell; OliverMay; KatelynMayak; IrvingMayangao; LeeMaynard; FlorianMayr; JohnMazerall; MercyMbwembwe; ClareMc Goldrick; MoyraMc Master; HelinorMcaleese; SamMcAllery; JulieMcAuley; Edmund McCallion; MartinaMcCalmont; JoannaMcCarthy; Declan McClintock; CharleneMcCracken; PhoebeMcCracken; ErinMcCreary; LouiseMcCreery; Iain J McCullagh; CorrienneMcCulloch; JuneMcDonald; RebeccaMcEldrew; ForbesMcGain; KarenMcGarry; MargaretMcGarvey; MelMcGee; ChristopherMcGhee; HannahMcGivern; DeborahMcGlynn; PeterMcGuigan; Lauralyn McIntyre; MadeleineMcKee; ShirleyMcKenna; SoniaMcKenna; DeniseMckeown; ClaireMckie; SheilaMcKilop; LornaMcLintock; Deborah K.McMahon; JoanneMcMahon; JanetMcManus; Alexandra McMillan; CatherineMcMillan; HelenMcMillan; LiamMcMorrow; JoanneMcMurdo; DarrenMcNamara; Robert McNamara; DeborahMcNaughton; Mary PMcNicholl; SamMcWilliam; SuzannaMedic; HalimaMedjahed; RebeccaMedva; JennyMehew; ReenaMehta; JanaMeier; StephanieMellin; PhilMellor; Laurent-PaulMénard; EmelissaMendoza; MeganMeredith; StellaMetherell; GregMethven; LouiseMew; JasonMeyer; NhlanhlaMguni; AngiyMichael; VinceMichael; NataliaMichalak; SueMichalowicz; ClaireMichelson; SaskiaMiddlethorp; MargaretMiedema; Sydney Miezitis; JustynaMikusek; IanMillar; TinaMillen; JenneneMiller; LornaMiller; MelanieMilloy; Gary HMills; SteveMills; RebeccaMiln; ChristineMilot; AdrianaMinella; SaraMingo Garcia; ArronMinhas; TamiMinnier; AnneMinogue; LilianaMiranda; DeenaMistry; ReenaMistry; Beata Misztal; SarahMitchard; SusanMitchell; GloriaMmadubuko ; DimpyModi; KavehMoghbeli; MahalakshmiMohan; RachelMoir; AprilMolloy; LizMolson; HollyMonaghan; JosephineMonaghan; IanMoody; CarlyMoore; GillianMoore; HannahMoore; LynneMoore; TracyMoore; VanessaMoore; Louise Moorhouse; MaryAnneMoreau; Nicola Moreland; JeronimoMoreno Cuesta; AdamMorgan; JackieMorgan; KarenMorgan; MattMorgan; RebeccaMorgan; SusanMorpeth; HelenMorris; Sheila Morris; SteveMorrisey; SuzyMorton; RosnaMortuza; IvanMounitsyn; LorraineMounsey; DebbieMoyst; SheliaMtuwa; DarleneMueller; AlisonMuir; MartinMuir; DipakMukherjee; TshinupayMukwa; JohnMulder; SulemanMulla; BarbaraMullin; JoanneMullings; MikeMullowney; SarahMumford; SheilaMunt; NafissahMunu; DianeMurdoch; AndreaMurphy; EmilyMurphy; FidelmaMurphy; JoMurphy; PeterMurphy; SheenaghMurphy; LaurenMurray; SrinivasMurthy; KaiserMushtaq; EdvinMusic; NatashaMuzengi; EstherMwaura; JudithNabess; Anas Naeem; ParminderNaga; PriyaNair; Reena Nair Khade; Rose Nalumansi Sekiwala; AartiNandani; ShruthiNarayan; AnushkaNatajaran; Vineet Nayyar; MobeenaNaz; SalimaNazarali; MatthewNeal; MihaiNetea; KimberleyNetherton; GinaNeves; Claire-MichelleNeville; JosephineNewanji; Julie Newman; RichardNewman; SallyNewman; Tabitha Newman; ClaireNewsam; ChristopherNg; Dung Nguyen; AnneNicholson; GenelleNicholson; JanetNicholson; SukhiNijjar; NikitasNikitas; JosephineNnadi; HarrietNoble; JoseeNoel; JerryNolan; Marie-ÈveNolin; JoelleNordstrom; JamieNorgrave; Julie North; JulieNorthcote; JurgensNortje; AngieNown; TonyNoyce; AlanNoyon; Gloria Nwajei Agha; KellyNwankiti; EugeniaNweje; MariaNygren,; AibhilinO’Connor; AnneO’Connor; StephanieO’Connor; KaitlynO’Halloran; Sinéad O’Kane; RyanO’Leary; AislingO’Neill; KevinO’Reilly; SusanOakley; AnetaOborska; AndrewO'Brien; Sarah O'Brien; MariaO'Connell; MartinO'Connell; TanseyO'Connor; SimonOczkowski; RosieO'Dea; RuthO'Donnell; VioletO'Donnell; DapoOdumeru; BethanOgg; KayodeOgungbenro; CeciliaO'Kane; EleanorO'Kell; Clementina Okundaye; ChéOkyne-Turkson; JaneOldham; MartaOliveira; AnneOliver; NimcaOmer; LynneOncea; BronaghO'Neill ; RajalakshmiOrath Prabakaran; ChloeOrchard; JoannaO'Reilly; NeilOrford; LauraOritz-Ruiz de Gordoa; DaveOrmrod; KatrinaOrr; LisaOrr; RawlingsOsagie; Alexander Osborne; DarleneOsborne; RoxanneOsmond; AlbertoOspina Stella; Kheng LyOueng; NatalieOutten; DeepaliOza; UpuleePabasara; TanyaPaddock; JenniferPade; NickolasPage; Valerie JPage; Mari-LiisPakats; ShehanPalihavadana; KimberleyPalmer; ChantalePambrun; RobPankhurst; AsadPantanwala; EvitaPappa; MarinaPappa; MélisandePaquet; ElankumaranParamasivam; AnaParejasanchez; DhruvParekh; CarolineParent; ÉricParent; VickyParent; LizPark; CarmelParker; LisaParkinson; MamtaParmar; KarenParry-Billings; KerryParsons; SarahParsons; KirstenPass; SarahPatch; AmitPatel; Bijal Patel; KamalPatel; MithalPatel; PritiPatel; RebeccaPatel; AnnPatterson; LisaPatterson; PaulinePatterson; TrenaPatzer; DanielPaul; JanicePaul; RoshniPaul; BojanPaunovic; DebraPavelich; DavidPayne; AbbyPeacock; SandraPeake; HarrietPearson; KarenPearson; Suzannah Pegler ; BelindaPelle; AbigailPemberton; JessicaPendlebury; SarahPendlebury; AlistairPenny; RominaPepermans Saluzzio; AnaPereira; RitaPereira; ParmiPerera; JanePerez; RachelPerkins; JoséePerreault; RenoPerri; TerriePerry; CraigPeters; JaynePeters; SamPeters; SvenjaPeters; ShelleyPeterson; TanyaPetraszko; TashaPettigrew; VillePettilä; SharonPeyton; GunjanPhalod; Jennifer EPhilbin; NeilPhilips; BarbaraPhillips; DaniellePhillips; KarenPhillips; Margaret Phillips; PatPhillips; ClarkPhillipson; KatherinePhilpott; Mandeep-KaurPhull; CharlottePickering; HayleahPickford; CharliePiercy; JanetPiersma; Claudia MireillePigeon; SureshPillai; NikkiPilutti; JuliaPinder; JoannePink; Jez Pinnell; MaryPitcher; SallyPitts; MathiasPletz; RutgerPloeg; TatianaPogreban; DavidPogson; DavidPoles; Petra Polgarova; BarbPollock; MichellePolson; FionaPomeroy; Jagtar-SinghPooni; IuliaPopescu; EllaPoppitt; ChristopherPorada; RebeccaPorteous; DavidPorter; AlisonPotter; KenziPotter; PedroPovoa; CarolynPowel; Elizabeth Powell; GeneenPowell; GillianPowter; Rashida Pramanik; MaanviPrasad; SindhujaPratheepkumar; AshtonPrefontaine; JeffreyPresneill; JérémiePrévost; AllisonPrihoda; JanetPring; LisaPrivatera; LindaProkopiuk; TraceyPronyk-Ward; NicolaProudfoot; Rachel Prout; Richard Pugh; LauraPurandare; ClairePurcell; DharamPurohit; SarahPurvis; DanielPutensen; ZudinPuthucheary; Kathryn Puxty; Xinyi Qiu; RachaelQuayle; MaileneQuinagon; AlisonQuinn; KevinQuinn; Miguel Quinones-Mateu; AmyQuirk; Hafiz Qureshi; WayneRabin; IsabelleRabusseau; EmmaRademaker; SharonRainey; AjayRaithatha; DavidRalphs; Mohamed Ramali; AngeloRamos; LidiaRamos; HelenRandall; SandraRandall; GeorginaRandell; RaminaRandhawa; HaleyRanton; DeepakRao; RavishankarRao Baikady; AliaRashid; ConnieRasko; Jeremy Ratcliff; ValliRatnam; RashmiRauniyar; SamRawlins; MichelleRay; Kik Raymakers; BenjaminRayner; MichaelReay; RashmiRebello; Amie Reddy; HarshaReddy,; CatherineReed; GraceRees; IanRees; BrendaReeve; FionaRegan; AndrewReid; RobertReilly; Shonagh Reilly; HenrikReschreiter,; LornaRetzlaff; Adam Revill; OleksaRewa; BobReynolds; ClaireReynolds; JohnReynolds; KamilaReznicek; Jonathan Rhodes; EmilyRich; JonathanRichard; DebbieRichards; SuzanneRichards; AlvinRichards-Belle; CarolRichardson; EricRichardson; JoanneRiches; DanielRicketts; JonathanRicks; Ilse Rietveld; StephenRigby; Linda Rikkert; Dominic Rimmer; CliveRisbridger; MichelleRitchot; Jenny Ritzema; PascaleRiverin; MarleneRoach; MatthewRobb; ÉmilieRoberge; EilirRoberts; LeanneRoberts; TraceyRoberts; DebraRobertson; DougRobertson; AlyssiaRobinson; KatieRobinson; MattRobinson; StaceyRobinson; CherieRobson; Lisa Roche; MargaretRoche; BramRochwerg; JenniferRock; NatalieRodden; CassidyRodley; AndreaRogers; GernotRohde; RoceldRojo; Tina Romagnuolo; AtalRoman; ClareRook; KevinRooney; MercedesRosario; Lace PaulynRosaroso; BrianRosborough; DavidRose; Rachel Rose; SteveRose; VikkieRose; JoanneRoss; NatalieRoss; AnthonyRostron; JasonRoth; PascalRouleau; CharlesRounds; KathrynRowan; ScottRowan-Ferry; LouiseRowe-Leete; MatthewRowland; MeganRowley; AlistairRoy; AnnaRoynon-Reed; AlisonRudd; WinningtomRuiz; PatriziaRuoso; RosemaryRushworth; LisaRusk; KimRyalls; Emily Ryan; LucyRyan; NickRylance; SuganyaSabaretnam; UmarSabat; RachelSackrowitz; GirendraSadera; Maria-IsabelSaez-Garcia-Holloway; SianSaha; ArmorelSalberg; JasSall; AngelaSalmon; KarenSalmon; NicholaSalmons; ZoeSammut; LorraineSamuel; FranciscoSan Diego; MichaelSanchez; Amanda Sanderson; ColleenSanderson; GyanSandhu; AshishSanil; FilipaSantos; AnitaSaran; Sonia Sathe; PrasannakumariSathianathan; MichelleSaull; SynthiaSauvageau; RobertSawler; Manoj Saxena; Jeremy Scanlan; RiccardoScano; Irma Scheepstra-Beukers; MarkSchmidhofer; AndrewSchoenling; JoostSchotsman; RoxanneSchroeder; MarilynSchuett; MartinSchuster-Bruce; Roger Schutgens; SachaSchweikert; AndrewScott; Kathryn Scott; ZoeScott; DeborahSeals; JudySeaman; Rebecca Seaman; DeborahSeddon; FaramarzSedigh-Zadeh; FatimaSeidu; MallikaSekhar; FernancoSelene; JoSell; KatharineSellers; HelenSenior; PeterSenior; IanSeppelt; KarimSerri; ChanthouSevilla; MarleneShade; FaraazShah; TasninShahid; ManuShankar-Hari; ShaminieShanmugaranjan; KimberlyShaughnessy; DavidShaw; DeborahShaw; JoanneShaw; AudreyShearer; BenSheath; JonathanSheffield; LauraSheldon; SarahShelton; VarunShetty; DylanShield; RogerShiers; ChristineShin; KimShirley; RichardShortland; CharmaineShovelton; Murali Shyamsundar; ZaneleSibanda; SindhuSibin; ChristineSicat; Atif Siddiqui; MonyraSiek; ChrisSiewersk; NymaSikondari; AdrienneSilver; MikeSilverstone; Malcolm ABSim; CarlSimard; PeterSimmonds; BenjaminSimpson; BrendaSimpson; JohnSimpson; TomSimpson; AndrewSimpson; Julie-AnnSinclair; JayaprakashSingh; RajeevSingh; VanessaSingh; JoSingleton; PratikSinha; RebeccaSivers; AlisonSivyer; Michael JohnSkill; Denise Skinner; TabithaSkinner; AgnieszkaSkorko; AimeeSkrtich; WendySlack; HelenSlade; MelanieSlaughter; WendySligl; JaniceSloan; CharlotteSmall; EmmaSmall; AndrewSmallwood; JoannaSmee; AlbertineSmit; AnnaSmith; CatherineSmith; GrahamSmith; JohnSmith; JulietSmith; KatieSmith; LucieSmith; Matthew Smith; PatriciaSmith; PaulSmith; RuthSmith; SimonSmith; TimothySmith; TracySmith; GemmaSmithson; SaraSmuts; JanetSmyrski; Kirsty Smyth; Naoise Smyth; NaomiSmyth; LeilaSnouber; MarySokolowski; AmandaSolesbury; AlastairSomerville; TomSong; DeeptiSood; MoniqueSosa; SoniaSousa Arias; DavidSouthern; JenniferSpeidel; HollySpeight; JohnSpence; StephenSpencer; HelenSpicer; RoseSpicer; BridgetteSpires; AdamSpong; KarenSpreckley; ScottSpringworth; Rebecca Squires; CaroleSt Onge-Legault; ChloeStacey; TonyStaincliffe; MarthaStambaugh; KatieStammers; Simon JStanworth; JulieStaves; Roger Stedman; TonySteed; StefanStefanSprinckmoller; Martin Sterba; GeorgiaStevens; GuyStevens; ElaineStevenson; AmandaStewart; RebeccaStewart; RichardStewart; RobertStirk; MelanieSt-John; SarahStone; EllenStrakosch; EmmaStratton; LukeStreeter; TomekaSuber; LeeSudlow; AnilaSukuraman; NinaSull; AnnaSummerfield; CharlotteSummers; JenniferSummers; Ashok Sundar Raj; RadhaSundaram; Dhinesh Sundaran; Helen Sutherland; Sara-BethSutherland; SharonSutherland; JohnSutton; MihaelaSutu; JacquelineSwabe; LornaSwan; NicolaSwarbrick; KatieSweet; SamaherSweity; EricSy; Tamas Szakmany; HelenTackaberry; MalikTahir Saleem; SilviaTaibo; NadineTalia; PhoebeTamblin-Hopper; JadeTan; XiaohuiTang; RanTao; EstherTarr; DonnaTasker; MargaretTate; Margaret LTate; Kate CTatham; Mohammed NTawfik Altomy; AshleyTaylor; BrianTaylor; CharlotteTaylor; HollyTaylor; MelanieTaylor; SebleTekle; SabaTeklehaimanot; HollyTemplar; MaieTempleton; PatriciaTendler; AbbiTervit; KateTettmar; SusanTheander; StéphaneThellend; AmyThomas; DeepakThomas; EmmaThomas; HelenThomas; VickyThomas; SamanthaThomas-Wright; PatriciaThompson; TaylorThompson; UsillaThompson; NicolaThomson; WendyThorne; AllisonThorpe; JessicaThrush; SaranyaThurairatnam; CareyTierney; Emma MTimms; MelanieTokessy; Timo Tolppa; HelenTomlinson; StevenTong; KiranTony; SylviaTorrance; IsabellaTosi; OmarTouma; JasonTowler; MiriamTowns; AlainTownsend; ChrisTownsend; AndrewTracy; ClaireTranter; TonyTrapani; JonathanTrattles; EleanorTraverse; SylvieTremblay; TonyTremblay; KarisTreuberg; Silvia CTrevelin; MichaelTrevett; MikeTrevett; FionaTrim; ThomasTrimble; KenTrimmer; AnnetteTrueman; Nicholas Truman; SaraTryon; KyriakiTsakiridou; Hoi PatTsang; JenniferTsang; Georgios Tsinaslanidis; VictoriaTuckley; CarolineTuckwell; Redmond PTully; RaymondTung; SaidatTurawa; AnnaTurco; KrystynaTurek; SalahTurki; DavidTurner; FrancesTurner; KeriTurner; LouiseTurner; MarcTurner; RuthTurner; SusanTurner; Ian Turner-Bone; Margaret Turns; StuartTurville; IsharaUdayanga; RuzenaUddin; AndrewUdy; LauraUnitt; AdamUnsworth; JassyUppal; JamesUprichard; AlisonUriel; AndrewUstianowski; JaneUttley; Tim Uyeki; ElizaValentine; LukeVamplew; Tomvan der Poll; CarynVan der Riet; Denise van Hout; Roland van Kimmenade; MarloesvanBeurden; Jonni-LynVanDeursen; WilliamVan’t Hoff; KateVardigans; SibyVarghese; Gloria Vazquez-Grande; AustinVeen; TonnyVeenith; MaximeVeillette; TracyVelcich; DavidVeniard; Bala Venkatesh; EllenVenz; Mark Verlander; MarkVertue; JerikVerula; CatherineViau; Saji Victor; AlexViehman; WayneVietri; SteveVilleneuve; Sudharkar Vimalanathan; RachelVincent; SatwinderVirdee; LeanneVoutour; Alain Vuylsteke; AliciaWaite; AndrewWalden; JaneWalden; GregWalker; JasmineWalker; Marie TeresaWalker; RachelWalker; SusanWalker; DerekWallbank; FionaWaller; Joanne Walsh; JamesWalsham; SherryWalters; EleanorWard; Geraldine Ward; KathrynWard; LukeWard; RebeccaWard; AdeleWardle; Majella Warnock; LeaWarren; CharlotteWashington; OliviaWatchorn; Abby Waters; Sharon Waterson; ClaireWatkins; NickWatkins; Irene Watpool; AngelaWatts; VictoriaWaugh; PaulWeaver; LisaWeber; KathrynWebert; ThanujaWeerasinghe; AlexandraWeissman; ColinWells; Ingeborg DWelters; JamesWesson; JimWesson; AdamWest; SamanthaWestlake; BillWetherill; AlisonWhite; IanWhite; KatieWhite; StephenWhite; TonyWhitehouse; VictoriaWhiteside; KaitlynWhitley; MelanieWhynot; BradleyWibrow; ElizabethWilby; Elizabeth Wilcox; LouiseWilcox; HelenWild; LauraWild; Laura Wilding; RitchieWildman; DonnaWiles; MattWiles; DaisyWiley; Elva Wilhelmsen; ChloeWilkes; Dean Wilkinson; HelenWilkinson; HollyWilkinson; FelicityWillams; Alexandra Williams; AngharadWilliams; Anna Williams; Gemma Williams; HannahWilliams; James DWilliams; JayneWilliams; KarenWilliams; PennyWilliams; SarahWilliams; Virginie Williams; DawnWilliamson; James DWilliamson; BruceWillian; JoannaWillis; JayneWillson; AnnaWilson; CatherineWilson; MaggieWilson; MatthewWilson; EvieWiltsher; PhillipWindrum; PascalWinter; MattWise; Mary KayWisniewski; HollyWissett; KatelynWitherell; AmyWoelke; PaulaWojcik; MagdaWolna; CarolWong; LeeWong; OnyeeWong; Yun ManWong; Carrie AnneWood; HannahWood; HeidiWood; KathrynWood; TracyWood; JuliaWoodford; LukeWoodford; UrsulaWoodford; DebraWoods; Jane Woods; LindseyWoods; SheilaWowchuk; SarahWoycik; JessWren; JoanneWren; LynnWren; CarolineWrey Brown; AlisonWright; ChrisWright; LeeWright; PeterWright; RebeccaWright; JulieWu; RachelWyatt; KatharineWylie; KuganXavier; CharlotteXia Le Tai; HuiyuanXiao; YangYang; ElizabethYarad; DavidYates; DonaldYealy; AndrewYeatman; PatriciaYedynak; IanYoung; MeredithYoung; PaulYoung; TarynYoungstein; HailiYu; HakeemYusuff; AbbasZaidi; AhmedZaki; Mohsin Zaman; RaisaZaman; ClaireZammit; LynnZarb; RyanZarychanski; MichelleZeller; MarianZelman; AnnaZimperi ; Dorota B Ziortza Fernández de Pinedo Artaraz; LouisaZouita; WillZuurbier; ShebaZyengi; Lise J.Estcourt,MB BChir, DPhil; Alexis F.Turgeon,MD, MSc; Zoe K.McQuilten,MBBS, PhD; Bryan J.McVerry,MD; FarahAl-Beidh,PhD; DjillaliAnnane,MD, PhD; Yaseen M.Arabi,MD; Donald M.Arnold,MD, MSc; AbigailBeane,MSc; PhilippeBégin,MD, PhD; Wilmavan Bentum-Puijk,MS; Lindsay R.Berry,PhD; ZahraBhimani,MPH, PMP; Janet E.Birchall,MBChB; Marc J. M.Bonten,MD; Charlotte A.Bradbury,MD, PhD; Frank M.Brunkhorst,MD; MeredithBuxton,PhD; Jeannie L.Callum,MD; MichaëlChassé,MD, PhD; Allen C.Cheng,MD; Matthew E.Cove,MBChB; JamesDaly,MBBS; LennieDerde,MD; Michelle A.Detry,PhD; MennoDe Jong,MD; AmyEvans,MMedSci; Dean A.Fergusson,PhD; MatthewFish,MSc; MarkFitzgerald,PhD; ClaireFoley,BSc; HermanGoossens,MD; Anthony C.Gordon,MD; Iain B.Gosbell,MBBS, MD; CameronGreen,MSc; RashanHaniffa,MD; HeliHarvala,MD, PhD; Alisa M.Higgins,PhD; Thomas E.Hills,MBChB, DPhil; Veronica C.Hoad,MBBS, MPH; ChristopherHorvat,MD, MHA; David T.Huang,MD, MPH; Cara L.Hudson,MSc; NaoIchihara,MD, MPH, PhD; EmmaLaing,BSc; Abigail A.Lamikanra,PhD; FrançoisLamontagne,MD, MSc; Patrick R.Lawler,MD, MPH; KelseyLinstrum,MS; EdwardLitton,MD; ElizabethLorenzi,PhD; SheilaMacLennan,MB BS; JohnMarshall,MD; Daniel F.McAuley,MD; John F.McDyer,MD; AnnaMcGlothlin,PhD; ShayMcGuinness,MD; GailMiflin,MB BChir; StephanieMontgomery,MSc; Paul R.Mouncey,MSc; SrinivasMurthy,MD; AlistairNichol,MD; RachaelParke,RN, PhD; Jane C.Parker,RN; NicolePriddee,MB BCh; Damian F. J.Purcell,PhD; Luis F.Reyes,MD, PhD; PeterRichardson,BPharm; NancyRobitaille,MD; Kathryn M.Rowan,PhD; JenniferRynne,MSc; HirokiSaito,MD, MPH; MarleneSantos,MSc; Christina T.Saunders,PhD; ArySerpa Neto,MD, MSc, PhD; Christopher W.Seymour,MD, MSc; Jon A.Silversides,PhD; Alan A.Tinmouth,MD, MSc; Darrell J.Triulzi,MD; Anne M.Turner,RN, MPH; Frankvan de Veerdonk,MD; Timothy S.Walsh,MD; Erica M.Wood,MBBS; ScottBerry,PhD; Roger J.Lewis,MD, PhD; David K.Menon,MD, PhD; ColinMcArthur,MD; RyanZarychanski,MD, MSc; Derek C.Angus,MD, MPH; Steve A.Webb,MD, PhD; David J.Roberts,MBChB, DPhil; ManuShankar-Hari,MD, PhD
JAMA
Donated convalescent plasma may be beneficial to patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to boost their ability to fight the virus.
What Is Convalescent Plasma?
Most people who recover from COVID-19 develop antibodies (proteins that the immune system produces in response to infection) to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Antibodies are found in plasma, the yellow liquid portion of blood. Plasma is collected from donors who have recovered from COVID-19 through a process called apheresis, which uses a special machine to separate the blood into different components. The plasma is removed, while the rest of the blood components are returned into the donor’s body.
Potential Benefits of Convalescent Plasma
Convalescent plasma has been used to treat other infections and may be beneficial for COVID-19. Researchers hope that convalescent plasma can be given to patients with severe COVID-19 to boost their ability to fight the virus. Studies are underway to evaluate use of convalescent plasma as treatment for patients with severe COVID-19 and to prevent infection (prophylaxis) in certain high-risk patients exposed to COVID-19. Convalescent plasma might provide immunity by giving patients neutralizing antibodies for SARS-CoV-2. Although there is a lot that is unknown, convalescent plasma may work best for patients earlier in the disease course. Currently, convalescent plasma is being given to small numbers of hospitalized patients with severe or life-threatening COVID-19 illness. Several case reports suggest treatment is helpful, but larger studies are still needed.
Potential Risks of Convalescent Plasma
Plasma transfusions are safe and well tolerated by most patients. Side effects of convalescent plasma are similar to those of regular plasma transfusions. The most common side effect is a mild allergic reaction. Rare but serious side effects include problems with the heart or lungs, or infection. As with all blood products, convalescent plasma is thoroughly tested before use. All donated blood is screened for blood type compatibility as well as infections like hepatitis B and C, HIV, and many other less common infections. SARS-CoV-2 is not spread by blood, and there is no risk of transmission from recovered donors.
How to Donate Plasma
Currently, people who have recovered from COVID-19 who had a confirmed positive test result can donate plasma after they have been symptom free for at least 14 days. People who have recovered from suspected COVID-19 but never had a confirmed positive test result can also become donors if tests show they have SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. All donors must meet other blood donation criteria. If you have recovered from COVID-19 and want to donate plasma, contact the Red Cross or a local blood bank for more information.
For More Information
American Red Cross
https://www.redcrossblood.org/donate-blood/dlp/plasma-donations-from-recovered-covid-19-patients.htmlCOVID-19 Expanded Access Program
https://www.uscovidplasma.org/
The JAMA Patient Page is a public service of JAMA. The information and recommendations appearing on this page are appropriate in most instances, but they are not a substitute for medical diagnosis. For specific information concerning your personal medical condition, JAMA suggests that you consult your physician. This page may be photocopied noncommercially by physicians and other health care professionals to share with patients. To purchase bulk reprints, email reprints@jamanetwork.com.
Back to top
Article Information
Published Online: June 12, 2020. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.10699
Conflict of Interest Disclosures: None reported.
Sources: Fung MK, Eder A, Spitalnik SL, Westhoff CM, eds. Technical Manual. 19th ed. AABB Press; 2017.
US Food and Drug Administration. Recommendations for investigational COVID-19 convalescent plasma. www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/investigational-new-drug-ind-or-device-exemption-ide-process-cber/recommendations-investigational-covid-19-convalescent-plasma
Comment
See More About
Patient Information Bleeding and Transfusion JAMA Patient Information Coronavirus (COVID-19) Infectious Diseases
Download PDF
Citation
Malani AN, Sherbeck JP, Malani PN. Convalescent Plasma and COVID-19. JAMA. 2020;324(5):524. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.10699
Manage citations:
Ris (Zotero) EndNote BibTex Medlars ProCite RefWorks Reference Manager Mendeley
© 2024
Comment
JAMA+ AI
Others Also Liked
X
.
Access your subscriptions
Add or change institution
Free access to newly published articles
To register for email alerts, access free PDF, and more
Purchase access
Get full journal access for 1 year
Get unlimited access and a printable PDF ($40.00)—
Sign in or create a free account
Rent this article from DeepDyve
Access your subscriptions
Add or change institution
Free access to newly published articles
To register for email alerts, access free PDF, and more
Purchase access
Get full journal access for 1 year
Get unlimited access and a printable PDF ($40.00)—
Sign in or create a free account
Rent this article from DeepDyve
Sign in to access free PDF
Add or change institution
Free access to newly published articles
To register for email alerts, access free PDF, and more
Save your search
Free access to newly published articles
To register for email alerts, access free PDF, and more
Purchase access
Customize your interests
Free access to newly published articles
To register for email alerts, access free PDF, and more
Create a personal account or sign in to:
- Register for email alerts with links to free full-text articles
- Access PDFs of free articles
- Manage your interests
- Save searches and receive search alerts
Privacy Policy
Make a comment
Free access to newly published articles
To register for email alerts, access free PDF, and more
Create a personal account or sign in to:
- Register for email alerts with links to free full-text articles
- Access PDFs of free articles
- Manage your interests
- Save searches and receive search alerts
Privacy Policy